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07/03/10: International Space Station On-Orbit
Status Report.
ISS Orbit (as of this morning, 7:17am EDT [=
epoch]) Mean altitude – 352.6 km Apogee height – 359.3 km Perigee
height – 345.8 km Period -- 91.59 min. Inclination (to Equator) --
51.65 deg Eccentricity -- 0.0010012 Solar Beta Angle -- 49.6 deg
(magnitude decreasing) Orbits per 24-hr. day -- 15.72 Mean altitude
loss in the last 24 hours – 61 m Revolutions since FGB/Zarya launch
(Nov. 98) – 66,603
All ISS systems continue to function nominally, except
those noted previously or below. Saturday – crew rest
day.
Crew sleep cycle remains shifted to the right:
Wake – 7:00am (reg. 2:00am), Sleep – 10:30pm (reg. 5:30pm) EDT.
Progress Update: Progress M-06M/38P will
make another rendezvous & docking attempt tomorrow (7/4) for Contact
at ~12:17pm EDT. [During yesterday’s rendezvous, the
automated KURS rendezvous sequence was aborted (cause currently under
assessment) by the Progress MCS (Motion Control System) between two
nominal burns (Impulse-4 & Imp-5). 38P did not perform any abort
burns since it was on a passively-safe flyby path from the outset (as per
ballistic trajectory design). The vehicle performed two burns last
night (7/2), one at 4:28pm EDT (DO4) of 1.61 m/s delta-V, the other at
5:27pm (DO5) of 4.77 m/s. A third maneuver is planned for today in
order to set up the proper trajectory conditions for tomorrow’s docking
attempt, for which ISS will be in the same configuration as for
yesterday’s docking (same attitude, same solar array & radiators
positions).]
At wake-up, FE-5 Yurchikhin performed the regular
daily early-morning check of the aerosol filters at the Russian Elektron
O2 generator which Maxim Suraev had installed on 10/19/09 in gaps between
the BZh Liquid Unit and the oxygen outlet pipe (filter FA-K) plus hydrogen
outlet pipe (filter FA-V). [FE-5 will inspect the filters again before
bedtime, currently a daily requirement per plan, with photographs to be
taken if the filter packing is discolored.]
CDR Skvortsov began the day by attending to the
current experiment session with the KPT-21 Plasma Crystal-3+
(Plazmennyi-Kristall/PK-3+) payload, activating the turbopump in the MRM2
“Poisk” module for keeping the vacuum chamber (EB) evacuated. The
turbopump will be deactivated again before sleeptime, at ~10:25pm EDT.
[Main objective of PK-3 is to study wave propagation and dispersion ratio
in a dust plasma, i.e., fine particles charged and excited by HF (high
frequency) radio power inside the evacuated work chamber, at a specified
power of HF discharge, pressure, and a varied number of
particles.]
Also at wake-up, FE-4 Wheelock & FE-6 Walker
completed another run of the Reaction Self Test (Psychomotor Vigilance
Self Test on the ISS) protocol. [The RST is performed twice daily (after
wakeup & before bedtime) for 3 days prior to the sleep shift, the
day(s) of the sleep shift and 5 days following a sleep shift. The
experiment consists of a 5-minute reaction time task that allows
crewmembers to monitor the daily effects of fatigue on performance while
on ISS. The experiment provides objective feedback on neurobehavioral
changes in attention, psychomotor speed, state stability, and impulsivity
while on ISS missions, particularly as they relate to changes in circadian
rhythms, sleep restrictions, and extended work shifts.]
FE-6 continued her early-morning session with the Pro
K protocol, with controlled diet and diet logging after the urine pH spot
test. [Under Pro K, the crewmember measures and logs the pH value of
a urine sample, collected the same time of day every day for 5 days. The
crewmember also prepares a diet log and then annotates quantities of food
packets consumed and supplements taken during the day.]
Additionally, Shannon closed out the 24-hr urine
collections for her FD15 (Flight Day 15) Nutrition/Repository/Pro K
protocol at ~8:00am and undertook the associated generic blood collection,
with FE-2 Caldwell-Dyson assisting with the phlebotomy as operator.
Shannon then set up the RC (Refrigerated Centrifuge) for spinning the
samples prior to stowing them in the MELFI (Minus Eighty Laboratory
Freezer for ISS). [The operational products
for Blood & Urine collections for the HRP (Human Research Program)
payloads have been revised, based on crew feedback, new cold stowage
hardware, and IPV capabilities. Generic blood & urine procedures
have been created to allow an individual crewmember to select their
payload complement and see specific requirements populated.
Individual crewmembers will select their specific parameter in the
procedures to reflect their science complement. Different
crewmembers will have different required tubes and hardware
configurations, so they should verify their choice selection before
continuing with operations to ensure their specific
instruction.]
For her on-going first (FD15) Ambulatory Monitoring
session of the ESA ICV (Integrated Cardiovascular) experiment, Shannon
observed the initial 10-min rest period before going about her business,
changing Makita batteries several times. Midpoint for the entire ICV
run will be reached at ~4:55pm EDT tonight. [The rest period involved
relaxing & breathing normally for 10 minutes under quiet, restful
conditions. ICV activities consist of two separate but related parts
over a one-week time period: an ultrasound echo scan & an ambulatory
monitoring session. Today, wearing electrodes, the HM2 (Holter Monitor 2)
for recording ECG (Electrocardiogram) for 48 hours, the ESA Cardiopres/BP
to continuously monitor blood pressure for 24 hours, and two Actiwatches
(hip/waist & ankle) for monitoring activity levels over 48 hours,
Shannon continued the ambulatory monitoring part of the ICV assessment.
During the first 24 hrs (while all devices are worn), ten minutes of
quiet, resting breathing are timelined to collect data for a specific
analysis. The nominal exercise includes at least 10 minutes at a heart
rate =120 bpm (beats per minute). After 24 hrs (tonight at ~4:55pm), the
Cardiopres is doffed and the HM2 HiFi CF Card and AA Battery are changed
out to allow continuation of the session for another 24 hours. After data
collection is complete, the Actiwatches and both HM2 HiFi CF Cards are
downloaded to the HRF PC1, while Cardiopres data are downloaded to the EPM
(European Physiology Module) Rack and transferred to the HRF PC1 via a USB
key for downlink. The sessions are scheduled at or around FD14, FD30,
FD75, FD135 and R-15 (there will be fewer sessions if mission duration is
less than six months). The FD75 echo scan will include an exercise
component with a second scan (subset of the first) completed within 5
minutes after the end of exercise. The primary objective of the
accompanying CCISS (Cardiovascular Control on return from the ISS)
experiment is to maximize the information about changes in cardiovascular
and cerebrovascular function that might compromise the ability of
astronauts to meet the challenge of return to an upright posture on
Earth.]
At ~9:25am, the crew conducted their regular WPC
(Weekly Planning Conference) with the ground, discussing next week's
"Look-Ahead Plan" (prepared jointly by MCC-H and TsUP timeline planners),
via S-band/audio, reviewing upcoming activities and any concerns about
future on-orbit events.
FE-5 Yurchikhin conducted the routine daily servicing
of the SOZh system (Environment Control & Life Support System, ECLSS)
in the SM. [Regular daily SOZh maintenance consists, among else, of
checking the ASU toilet facilities, replacement of the KTO & KBO solid
waste containers and replacement of EDV-SV waste water and EDV-U urine
containers.]
Later, Fyodor also performed the regular maintenance
of the Russian POTOK-150MK (150 micron) air purification subsystems (UOV)
in the SM & FGB, cleaning the pre-filters with a vacuum cleaner with
narrow nozzle attachment and later restarting POTOK in automatic
mode.
On TsUP-Moscow Go, Mikhail Kornienko was to use
pressurized O2 from Progress 37P oxygen stores at ~3:25pm to refresh the
ISS cabin for about an hour.
FE-4 Doug Wheelock completed the regular bi-monthly
reboots of the OCA Router and FS SSC (File Server Station Support
Computer) laptops.
Tracy & Doug filled out their weekly FFQs (Food
Frequency Questionnaires) on the MEC (Medical Equipment Computer). [On the
FFQs, NASA astronauts keep a personalized log of their nutritional intake
over time on special MEC software. Recorded are the amounts consumed
during the past week of such food items as beverages, cereals, grains,
eggs, breads, snacks, sweets, fruit, beans, soup, vegetables, dairy, fish,
meat, chicken, sauces & spreads, and vitamins. The FFQ is performed
once a week to estimate nutrient intake from the previous week and to give
recommendations to ground specialists that help maintain optimal crew
health. Weekly estimation has been verified to be reliable enough that
nutrients do not need to be tracked daily.]
FE-3, FE-4 & FE-6 had their weekly PFCs (Private
Family Conferences) via S-band/audio and Ku-band/MS-NetMeeting application
(which displays the uplinked ground video on an SSC laptop), Mikhail at
~9:00am, Wheels at ~1:30pm & Shannon at ~12:30pm EDT.
Preparatory to tomorrow’s attitude maneuvering and
Progress 38P docking attempt, Wheelock will close the external shutters of
the Lab, Kibo & Cupola windows as protection against thruster plume
contamination shortly before sleeptime.
The crew is working out on today’s 2-hr physical
exercise protocol on the CEVIS cycle ergometer with vibration isolation
(CDR, FE-3, FE-6), TVIS treadmill with vibration isolation &
stabilization (FE-3, FE-5), ARED advanced resistive exercise device (CDR,
FE-2, FE-4), T2/COLBERT advanced treadmill (FE-2, FE-4) and VELO ergometer
bike with bungee cord load trainer (FE-5). [T2 currently
must undergo a snubber inspection between exercise sessions.]
CIR (Combustion Integrated Rack), MDCA/Flex: “On 6/29,
four test points from the science matrix were successfully
performed. Two test points were performed with heptane fuel at a 0.7
atm chamber environment of 23% O2, 25% CO2, and 52% N2: Test #1 -
Droplet diameter of 4 mm, with no support fiber. Droplet deployment
was successful with a brief burn before radiative extinction. An
afterglow from condensing vapor cloud and scattered backlight occurred
approximately 30 sec after extinction. This afterglow phenomenon
typically occurs following radiative extinction. Test #2 - Droplet
diameter of 4 mm, with support fiber and translation. Tethered
deployment was successful with a brief burn before radiative extinction.
Extinction occurred at “trailing surface” after translation ceased.
Two test points were performed with heptane fuel at a 0.7 atm chamber
environment of 21% O2, 30% CO2, and 49% N2: Test #3 - Droplet
diameter of 4 mm, with no support fiber. Droplet deployment was
successful with very little droplet drift. The burn was very brief
before radiative extinction. The afterglow phenomena occurred again
similar to Test #1. Test #4 - Droplet diameter of 4 mm, with support
fiber and translation. Tethered deployment was successful with a
brief burn before radiative extinction. A small amount of residual
fuel from previous test was still on the fiber, which caused a brief
secondary “ignition flash” that lasted less than 1 sec. Extinction
occurred (similar to Test #2) at “trailing surface. Radiative
Extinction: Flame extinction caused by excessive radiative energy loss
from the flame; occurs at relatively larger droplet and flame
sizes.”
CSLM-2 (Coarsening in Solid-Liquid Mixtures 2): The
first 4 of 6 Sample Processing Units (SPUs) have completed their
processing, and preliminary data looks good. The fifth SPU (14,600
second heat soak) is currently in the vacuum vent cycle, and is scheduled
to be processed early next week.
DECLIC (Device for the Study of Critical Liquids &
Crystallization, CNES/NASA): No report.
DomeGene (JAXA): Complete.
DOSIS (Active Measure, ESA): Monthly data downlink
performed on 6/30. It seems no files from Detector 1 could be found.
This is under investigation.
EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School
Students): No report.
EDR (European Drawer Rack, ESA): No report.
ELITE-S2 (Elaboratore Immagini Televisive - Space 2):
Planned.
EMCS (European Modular Cultivation System): No
report.
ENose (Electronic Nose): No report.
EPM (European Physiology Module): Activated in support
of CARD.
EPO (Educational Payload Operations, NASA): (Kids in
Space): “Tracy: We have not been able to review the video from
your session on 6/30 yet, but we agree with your assessment that more
narration is better than less. Continue narrating however you're
comfortable. Two more Kids in Micro-G sessions are planned for next
week.”
EPO LES-2 (ESA): No report.
EPO 3-min Video (JAXA): No report.
EPO J-Astro Report (JAXA): No report.
EPO Dewey’s Forest (JAXA): Closed out on
3/15.
EPO Space Clothes (JAXA): Complete.
EPO Hiten (Dance, JAXA): No report.
EPO Moon Score (JAXA): Photo session was performed on
6/14.
EPO Try Zero-G (JAXA): Performed on 5/1 as
VolSci.
EPO Kibo Kids Tour (JAXA): Complete.
EPO Paper Craft (Origami, JAXA): No report.
EPO Poem (JAXA): No report.
EPO Spiral Top (JAXA): No report.
ERB-2 (Erasmus Recording Binocular, ESA): [ERB-2 aims
are to develop narrated video material for various PR & educational
products & events, including a 3D interior station view.]
Fish Scales (JAXA): Completed on FD7/ULF-4 and
returned on STS-132.
FOAM STABILITY (ESA): No report.
FOCUS: No report.
FSL (Fluid Science Laboratory, ESA): No
report.
FWED (Flywheel Exercise Device, ESA): No
report.
GEOFLOW: No report.
HAIR (JAXA): No report.
HDTV System (JAXA): Was delivered by HTV1.
Holter ECG (JAXA): No report.
HQPC (JAXA): Was delivered by 34P.
HREP (HICO/Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean
& RAIDS/Remote Atmospheric & Ionospheric Detection System/JAXA):
HREP is operating nominally and 1245 images have been taken to
date.
ICE CRYSTAL (JAXA): Complete.
ICV (Integrated Cardiovascular): “Shannon and Wheels,
The entire team enjoyed participating in your first ICV resting echo
scan. Wheels did a great job as the operator and Shannon’s heart did
just what it was supposed to, beat! Since the experiment requires
two sessions pretty early in flight (FD14 & FD30) we will do it again
in about a week. We are looking forward to working with you both as
the expedition progresses.”
IMMUNO (Neuroendocrine & Immune Responses in
Humans During & After Long Term Stay at ISS): Complete.
INTEGRATED IMMUNE: No report.
InSPACE-2 (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic
Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions 2): No report.
IRIS (Image Reversal in Space, CSA): No
report.
IV Gen (Intravenous Fluids Generation): No report.
KID/KUBIK6: No report.
KUBIK 3 (ESA): No report.
LOCAD-PTS (Lab-on-a-Chip Application
Development-Portable Test System): No report.
Matryoshka-2 (RSA): Acquiring
science data.
Marangoni UVP (JAXA): 3rd and 4th run were performed
on 6/21-23.
MAXI (Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, JAXA): Acquiring
science data.
MDCA/Flex: See under CIR.
MEIS (Marangoni Experiment for ISS) in JAXA FPEF
(Fluid Physics Experiment Facility): No report.
Microbe-1 (JAXA): No report.
Micro-G Clay (JAXA EPO): Complete.
MMA (JAXA/Microgravity Measurement Apparatus): No
report.
MISSE7 (Materials ISS Experiment): MISSE7 is operating
nominally. Some PEC A experiments were turned off on 6/29 to prevent
overheating in the current high Beta angle period.
MSL (Materials Science Laboratory, ESA): No
report.
MTR-2 (Russian radiation measurements): Passive
dosimeters measurements in DC-1 “Pirs”.
MULTIGEN-1: Completed.
MYCO 2 (JAXA): No report.
MyoLab (JAXA): Completed on 4/20.
NANOSKELETON (Production of High Performance
Nanomaterials in Microgravity, JAXA): Returned on 19A.
NEURORAD (JAXA): No report.
NEUROSPAT (ESA/Study of Spatial Cognition, Novelty
Processing and Sensorimotor Integration): No report.
NOA-1/-2 (Nitric Oxide Analyzer, ESA):
Complete.
NUTRITION w/REPOSITORY/ProK: No report.
PADIAK: No report.
PADLES (JAXA, Area PADLES 3/4; Passive Area Dosimeter
for Lifescience Experiment in Space): Dosimeter set-up performed on FD12
of ULF4.
PASSAGES (JAXA): “Wheels, thank you for performing
your PASSAGES session today. The science team is looking forward to
getting the data.”
PCDF-PU (Protein Crystallization Diagnostic Facility -
Process Unit): No report.
PCG (JAXA, Protein Crystal Growth): Sample launched by
36P; was recovered by 21S.
PCRF (Protein Crystallization Research Facility)
Reconfiguration (JAXA): Complete.
PMDIS (Perceptual Motor Deficits in Space):
Complete.
POLCA/GRAVIGEN (ESA): Complete.
Pro K: No report.
RadGene & LOH (JAXA): Complete.
RadSilk (JAXA): Samples were returned to ground on
ULF3.
RST/Reaction Self Test (Psychomotor Vigilance Self
Test on the ISS): “Tracy, Wheels and Shannon, thank you for your
participation in Reaction Self Test! The data is downlinked once a
month. We received the data from this past month and look forward to
analyzing it!”
SAIBO Rack (JAXA): CB Cleanup and valve C/O will be
performed on 7/2.
SAMS/MAMS (Space & Microgravity Acceleration
Measurement Systems): No report.
SAMPLE: Complete.
SCOF (Solution Crystallization Observation Facility,
JAXA): No report.
SEDA-AP (Space Environment Data Acquisition
Equipment-Attached Payload, JAXA): Returned on 19A.
SHERE (Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment):
Complete.
SLAMMD (Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement
Device): No report.
SLEEP (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy & Light Exposure
during Spaceflight): “Tracy, you are scheduled to start your 5th week of
Sleep logging on Monday. Shannon and Wheels, Monday marks the
beginning of your first week of Sleep logging. Logging will nominally be
scheduled every three weeks. Any additional Sleep logging is above and
beyond and greatly appreciated by the PI. Shannon, next week you
will be performing the monthly Actiwatch download of your watch as well as
those for Tracy and Wheels. As this will be your first on-orbit download
session, the Sleep EST (Experiment Support Technician) will be available
on Console to assist if you have any questions.”
SMILES (JAXA): SLOC (submillimeter local oscillator
controller) troubleshooting is underway.
SODI/IVIDIL (Selectable Optical Diagnostics
Instrument/Influence of Vibration on Diffusion in Liquids, ESA): No
report.
SODI/DSC (Selectable Optical Diagnostics
Instrument/Diffusion Soret Coefficient): No report.
SOLAR (Solar Monitoring Observatory): Feeder #1 was
activated for SOLAR safing prior to 23S relocation and deactivated
afterwards. Next Sun observation window is predicted to start on
7/8.
SOLO (Sodium Loading in Microgravity): “Thanks Wheels,
for performing the EPM PCBA S/W Upgrade in preparation for the next SOLO
execution.”
Space-DRUMS: No report.
SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient,
Experimental Satellite): A SPHERES test session is being planned for
July.
SPICE (Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment): No report.
SPINAL (Spinal Elongation): No report.
SWAB (Characterization of Microorganisms &
Allergens in Spacecraft): No report.
THERMOLAB (ESA): “Wheels, thank you for completing
your first THERMOLAB session on 7/1.”
TRAC (Test of Reaction & Adaptation Capabilities):
Planned.
ULTRASOUND: Planned.
VASCULAR (CSA): No report.
VESSEL ID System (ESA): Acquiring data.
VESSEL IMAGING (ESA): “Shannon, the
science team was very happy with the scans images during your first VESSEL
IMAGING session on 6/30. The USOCs supporting the session were
impressed by your very smooth execution! Big thanks for the kick-off
of this new ESA experiment, much appreciated!”
VO2max (NASA): “Tracy, thank you very much for
assisting Wheels today! We could see on the video that you were a
great help to Wheels! It looks like we have some time for you to
help Shannon as well next week. Thanks again! Wheels,
excellent job on VO2max Thursday! Thanks for all of your help and
input and we appreciate the real-time information the video
provided. The team has received all data on the ground. Your
next session will be scheduled about 30 days from now.”
VLE (Video Lessons ESA): No report.
WAICO #1/#2 (Waving and Coiling of Arabidopsis Roots
at Different g-levels; ESA): No report.
YEAST B (ESA): No report.
CEO (Crew Earth Observations): Through 6/29, the
ground has received a total of 678 frames of E-24 CEO imagery for review
and cataloging. “No frames were acquired this week with times
corresponding to those of our daily CEO Target Request lists. Please
feel free to provide us feedback on anything we can do to help you locate
and acquire our targets. We continue to look forward to seeing more
of your CEO imagery.”
Epsilon Aurigae Eclipse Observation: ISS is
participating in a significant astronomical observation program just
getting underway, followed by thousands of amateur & professional
astronomers: the Epsilon Aurigae Eclipse. A specific star in the
Constellation Auriga (Charioteer) called Epsilon Aurigae undergoes an
eclipse (being occulted) every 27.1 years. This has puzzled astronomers
for nearly 200 years. The eclipse lasts nearly two years which, with the
27.1 year period, means the eclipsing body must be gigantic. There may be
a temporary brightening at mid-eclipse. There have been no satisfactory
explanations to date for this. Is it a giant cloud of gas with a
doughnut-like hole, permitting the star to brighten during mid-eclipse?
The Sun’s proximity to Epsilon Aurigae, as seen from the ground, prevents
observations by ground-based astronomers during mid-eclipse, but
astronauts on the ISS, having a different aspect angle, can observe and
note changes in relative brightness, as suggested by the AAVSO (American
Association of Variable Star Observers) following a talk by NASA-Astronaut
John Grunsfeld. The method used by the crew is to compare the brightness
of Epsilon Aurigae weekly with three other nearby stars of known &
unchanging brightness.
CEO photo targets uplinked for today were Muscat, Oman
(the capital city of Oman has a population of just over a million and
located on the coast of the Gulf of Oman about 250 miles SE of the Straits
of Hormuz. ISS approach was from the SW over the eastern part of the
Arabian Peninsula in clear weather. Looking nadir at the coast for
this target), Epsilon Aurigae & Comet McNaught (looking left of track,
above the limb of the Earth to observe the brightness of this star, as
compared to other stars in the Auriga constellation, described above), St.
Paul Rocks islets, Brazil (HMS Beagle Site: Darwin and the Beagle
briefly visited this isolated, equatorial Atlantic site in early February
of 1832. This tiny group of islets and rocks is also known as the
Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. The islands are of
particular interest to geologists as they expose rocks associated with the
Earth's mantle above sea level. Looking nadir for the islands as ISS
approached the area from the SW. With mid-afternoon light and only
partly cloudy skies the crew should have been able to photograph all of
them in a mapping pass), Nouakchott, Mauritania (the Mauritanian capital
is located just inland from the Atlantic and has a rapidly growing
population estimated at 2 million. Despite its size, the city is a
low-contrast target and may be difficult to spot, particularly if the air
is dusty, as it often is. Looking for the city as ISS approached the
coast from the SW. It should have been at nadir, in late afternoon
light, and under fair skies), Lake Poopo, Bolivia (lake levels in Poopo
are generally affected by El Niño episodes with water levels declining
during ENSO [El Niño Southern Oscillation] events. ISS imagery will
also add to existing CEO time series imagery of the fluctuations of lake
levels in Poopo. Reviewing of most recent ISS imagery of Lake Poopo
shows that researchers would like to continue to ask for additional views
of this target area. On this early afternoon pass the lake was at
nadir under clear skies. Contextual views of this were requested),
Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis (ISS had a near nadir pass over the
capital city of Basseterre located in the extreme northeastern Caribbean
Sea. ISS approach was from the SW in mid-afternoon light with partly
cloudy skies. The city is located on the southwestern coast of Saint
Kitts Island, and is one of the oldest towns in the eastern Caribbean
region. Overlapping mapping frames of the urban area were
requested), and Epsilon Aurigae & Comet McNaught.)
Significant Events Ahead (all dates
Eastern Time and subject to change):
Timezones: EST = (UT - 5 hours)
EDT = (UT - 4 hours) = (CDT + 1 hour)
CST = (UT - 6 hours)
CDT = (EDT - 1 hour) = (UT - 5 hours)
PST = (UT - 8 hours)
PDT = (UT - 7 hours)
MDT = (UT - 6 hours)
UT [GMT] = (EDT + 4 hours)
BST = (EDT + 5 hours) or (CDT + 6 hours) = (UT + 1 hour)
CEST = (UT + 2 hours) = (BST + 1 hour)
EDT, CDT, PDT, MDT daylight saving time = EST, CST, PST, MST +1hr. From 2007, this begins on the second Sunday in March, and ends on the first Sunday in November.
[Until 2007, EDT, CDT, PDT, MDT used to start at 02:00 local time on the first Sunday in April. EST, CST, PST started at 02:00 local time on the last Sunday in October.]
UT is also known as GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), Z, and UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). It is the time set on the International Space Station.
*Where '/' appears in dates, this site follows the following format: mm/dd/yr
